Preventing Struck-by and Caught-between Incidents Chart

Use this chart as a reference to help you identify common struck-by/caught-between hazards and ways to protect your workers against them and in some cases, eliminate the hazard altogether. Of course, this isn’t an exhaustive list, so feel free to edit it based on your specific events and hazards. You can also use the information as a starting point in creating your own struck-by/caught-between safety checklists.

Event	Hazard	Solution
Struck-by vehicles/Caught-between vehicle and object	Back-over	Back-up cameras Back-up alarms Back-over prevention SOPs
	Runover and back-over during night work	Hardhats with active illumination Hardhat mounted mirrors High-visibility clothing Portable lights
	Passenger vehicles in work zones	Concrete/water filled barriers Mobile longitudinal barriers Intrusion alarms Traffic signs and warnings Gradual tapering of lane closures Police enforcement Automated flagging devices
Struck-by flying objects	Projectiles from power tools Pushing, pulling, prying objects loose Debris from grinding, sanding, or striking materials	Only trained workers use nail guns and other power tools Sequential triggers – nail guns Tool inspection procedures/enforcement PPE!
Struck-by falling objects	Objects falling from elevated work Materials being lifted and moved overhead Materials being moved via forklifts, trucks, etc. Stacked and stored materials	Tethers for hand tools Hardhats Designated pedestrian walkways Toe-boards, screen, nets, and guardrails on scaffolds Enforce policies on working with and around suspended loads – i.e. maintain a safe distance, never stand or walk under suspended load Train on proper transport and storage of materials Put up signs and barricades to keep people OUT!
Struck-by swinging or slipping objects	Swinging materials Slipping loads	Enforce policies on working with and around suspended loads – i.e. maintain a safe distance, never stand or walk under suspended load Train on safe load securement
Struck-by/Caught-between equipment	Heavy equipment or machinery in use – i.e. swinging crane booms, excavator buckets, dump-truck beds Rolling, moving vehicles or equipment – i.e. equipment not properly blocked, emergency brake not set, release of hydraulic energy on raised implements	Keep machines safe distance away from excavation work Remove workers from excavation when machines are being used; when materials being brought into/out of excavation Require use of high-visibility clothing Enforce pre-use inspections Train operators and workers on foot of hazards and safe work practices
Crushed-by/Caught-between materials	Trench collapse Engulfment by grain, sand, other moveable materials	Ensure shoring, shielding, of trench and excavation work Prohibit “walking the grain’ Have tools available to dislodge grain or other material